In this code, the uppercase letters A, B, …, Z are assigned the numbers 65, 66, …, 90 while the lowercase letters a, b, …, z have the numbers 97, 98, …, 122 (note that the number of an uppercase letter is 32 less than its lowercase version). By general agreement, almost all computers use the same character codes, called the Ascii code.
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Each character in a computer’s character set is assigned a number, called its character code. One way to work with strings is to convert them to a list of character codes and then operate on the codes using mathematical functions. In other words, it has the Listable attribute. StringLength also works with lists of strings. Several functions are available for working with the structure of strings. Use = ( SameQ) to test for equality of strings. Various predicates test whether a string consists entirely of letters, or uppercase and lowercase letters. Use InputForm or FullForm to display these quotes in output. This is the default behavior of the formatting rules for OutputForm. When Mathematica displays a string in output, it appears without the quotes. These are typically entered from one of Mathematica‘s many built-in character palettes, or using a keyboard shortcut such as – a– for.
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For example, here are the lowercase Greek letters. Other character sets are available as well. For example, here is the standard set of printable Ascii characters. The characters can be anything you can type from your keyboard, including uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and spaces. Strings are expressions consisting of a number of characters enclosed in quotes. The chapter closes with several applied examples drawn from computer science (checksums) as well as bioinformatics (working with DNA sequences) and also word games (anagrams, blanagrams). String patterns follow on the discussion of patterns in Chapter 4 and we will introduce an alternative syntax (regular expressions) that provides a very compact mechanism for working with strings. We will begin with a look at the structure and syntax of strings, then move on to a discussion of the many high-level functions that are optimized for string manipulation. In this chapter we will introduce the tools available for working with strings in Mathematica.
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Strings are used as arguments, option values, and as the output to many functions. Strings are also used to represent file names that you import and export. In Mathematica, strings are represented by any concatenation of characters enclosed in double quotes. Strings are so ubiquitous that almost every modern programming language has a string datatype and dozens of functions for operating on and with strings. Strings are used across many disciplines to represent filenames, data, and other objects: linguists working with text data study representation, classification, and patterns involved in audio and text usage biologists dealing with genomic data as strings are interested in sequence structure and assembly and perform extensive statistical analysis of their data programmers operate on string data for such tasks as text search, file manipulation, and text processing.
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The book, which follows on the well-known An Introduction to Mathematica Programming, provides an example-driven primer on the foundations of the Mathematica programming language. This article is an excerpt from the recently released book, Programming with Mathematica: An Introduction by Paul Wellin © 2013.